New Mexico Cosmetology Practice Exam

Which of the following is essential before applying any chemical treatments to hair?

1. Conduct a patch test

2. Wash the client's hair thoroughly

3. Comb the hair to remove tangles

4. Apply a heat protectant

The correct answer is: Conduct a patch test

Conducting a patch test is essential before applying any chemical treatments to hair because it assesses the client's sensitivity to the chemical ingredients. A patch test typically involves applying a small amount of the chemical solution to a discreet area of the skin, usually behind the ear or on the inner elbow, and waiting for a specified period to observe any adverse reactions such as redness, itching, or swelling. This step is crucial in preventing allergic reactions that could lead to serious skin issues or discomfort during and after the treatment process. While washing the client's hair, combing to remove tangles, and applying a heat protectant are important steps in preparing for chemical treatments, they do not address safety concerns related to allergic reactions. Performing a patch test is specifically designed to ensure the health and safety of the client before proceeding with potentially irritating or harmful chemical processes.