New Mexico Cosmetology Practice Exam

What type of chemical is used in hair straightening systems?

1. Amino acids

2. Keratin or formaldehyde products

3. Alcohol-based solutions

4. Natural oils

The correct answer is: Keratin or formaldehyde products

In hair straightening systems, keratin or formaldehyde products are employed primarily because of their ability to effectively alter the hair's structure, allowing for smooth and straight results. Keratin treatments introduce a protein that coats the hair, providing it with strength and reducing frizz, while products containing formaldehyde or its derivatives function to temporarily break the bonds in the hair follicle, permitting reshaping as it is flat-ironed. These chemical processes work by modifying the hair's natural composition, which is crucial for achieving the desired straightening effect that lasts for an extended period. While amino acids can contribute to hair structure and health, they are not the primary agents in permanent straightening processes. Alcohol-based solutions may serve various roles in cosmetic formulations, such as solvents or preservatives, but they do not provide the same structural alterations to hair. Natural oils can nourish hair but will not achieve the same smoothing or straightening effects associated with keratin and formaldehyde products. Therefore, keratin and formaldehyde are the chemicals of choice in effective hair straightening systems.